As we know, monitoring of insects and diseases is a vital part of pest management program in nut crops. This is that time of the year when we should put traps out in the orchard for insect monitoring. Monitoring is the basis to determine biofix which is used to calculate Degree-days, and the Degree-days is used to determine right time for insecticide sprays. Since insect internal development is regulated by the external environmental conditions (mainly temperature), insect flight activities (initiation, peak, cessation of seasonal flight) depend on temperatures. In low temperature condition, insect activity becomes either low or minimum.
Here are the links for the year-round pest monitoring and management activities for:
Grape (Table)
Grape (wine and Raisin)